Algorithms to Process and Measure Biometric Information Content in Low Quality Face and Iris Images

.............................................................................................................................. 2 Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... 4 1 Chapter 1................................................................................................................... 14 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 14 1.1 Thesis Objectives .............................................................................................. 14 1.2 Thesis contributions .......................................................................................... 16 1.3 Thesis outline .................................................................................................... 19 1.4 Image databases ................................................................................................ 21 2 Chapter 2................................................................................................................... 23 Biometrics review ............................................................................................................. 23 2.1 Biometrics technology ...................................................................................... 23 2.2 Multimodal biometric systems.......................................................................... 28 2.3 Properties of Biometrics ................................................................................... 29 2.4 Classification of Biometric System .................................................................. 31 2.5 Biometric Sample Quality Measures ................................................................ 34 2.6 Face recognition................................................................................................ 35 2.7 Face tracking algorithms................................................................................... 39 2.7.1 Knowledge-Based Classifiers ................................................................... 40 2.7.2 Learning-Based Classifiers ....................................................................... 45 2.7.3 Motion estimation ..................................................................................... 47 2.8 Iris Recognition................................................................................................. 49 2.8.1 Iris structure .............................................................................................. 52 2.8.2 Iris texture pattern and colors ................................................................... 52 2.8.3 Imaging Systems....................................................................................... 55 2.8.4 Iris Localization and Segmentation .......................................................... 57 2.8.5 Size-invariant Unwrapping and Representation ....................................... 64 2.8.6 Feature Extraction..................................................................................... 67 2.8.7 Matching Algorithms and Distance Measure ........................................... 73 2.8.8 Evaluation Metrics .................................................................................... 75 2.8.9 Image Database and Open Source Software............................................. 80 2.9 Non-Cooperative Iris Recognition.................................................................... 81 2.10 Summary........................................................................................................... 84 3 Chapter 3................................................................................................................... 86 Using infrared illumination to improve eye & face tracking in low quality video images ........................................................................................................................................... 86 3.